En Help

<h1>GENERAL PhiloBiblon HELP</h1>

For help with a specific bibliography, please consult its Help Page:

<ul>

<li>BETA (Spanish)</li>

<li>BITAGAP (Portuguese and Galician)</li>

<li>BITECA (Catalan).</li>

</ul>

<h1>Index</h1>

<a href="#searchesgeneral">Searches - General</a>

<a href="#searchtablespages">Search pages and fields</a>

<a href="#quotationmarks">Quotation marks</a>

<a href="#capitalsdiacritics">Capital letters, diacritics</a>

<a href="#asteriskplaceholder">Asterisk as placeholder/wildcard</a>

<a href="#ids">IDs (texid, cnum, manid, bibid, bioid)</a>

<a href="#personalnames">Personal names</a>

<a href="#dates">Dates</a>

<a href="#placenames">Place names</a>

<a href="#subjectheadings">Subject headings</a>

<a href="#keywordsnumbers">Simple search</a>

<a href="#url">“Uniform Resource Locator” (URL) / Digitized images and texts</a>

<a href="#transcriptionnorms">Transcription norms</a>

<a href="#paleographycodicology">Paleography and codicology</a>

</blockquote>

<a href="#howusesearchtablespages">How to Use Search Pages and Fields within them</a>

<a href="#library">LIBRARY</a>

<a href="#institution">INSTITUTION</a>

<a href="#person">PERSON</a>

<a href="#reference">REFERENCE (secondary bibliography)</a>

<a href="#msed">MS/ED (manuscript or printed edition)</a>

</blockquote>

<a href="#technicalhelp">Technical Help</a>

<a href="#resources">Online Resources</a>

Searches - General

Select the bibliography: At the top of the search page, click on the “radio button” to the left

of the bibliography you wish to search, BETA, BITAGAP, or BITECA.

After inserting

the search term(s) in the appropriate search box(es), initiate the search by clicking on the “Search” button at the bottom,

beneath the search fields.

Search pages and fields:

The search pages are listed in the index to the left at the

top of the Search page: WORK, LIBRARY, INSTITUTION,PERSON, REFERENCE (secondary bibliography), MsEd

(primary sources).

You can only search in one page at a time, but you can use one or multiple search terms in any of the search boxes on

that page using the “All words” or “Any

of the words“ options beneath the list of search fields.

Searches return new screens with a list of the records found. To see a full record, simply

click on it.

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

Quotation marks: Any search that requires quotation marks (e.g. to enclose a record ID,

as explained below) is specified on this Help page. Otherwise quotation marks used here indicate the

precise search terms and results returned.

Capital letters, diacritics: No search depends on the correct use of capital letters or

diacritics: “Alcácer, Alcacer, alcácer, alcacer, alcaçer” all return

“Alcácer.”

Asterisk as placeholder / wildcard: The asterisk is a placeholder for one or more

characters anywhere in a word. In BETA WORK a search for Author “jac*”

returns “Jacobo de Benavente, Jacobo de las Leyes, Jacobus de Voragine,” etc.

In BITAGAP WORK, for Incipit, “estr*” returns “estromento, estrumento, estranna,

estremos,” etc.

IDs (texid, cnum, manid, bibid, bioid):

Unique IDs are assigned to each text

(texid), each example of the text that survives (cnum), each manuscript or printed edition

in which a text appears (manid), each secondary bibliographic item (bibid), and each person

(bioid). If you know these IDs, you may use them within quotation marks in the field Simple search

on any search page. For example, in WORK, use “Simple search” to find “texid 1141” using quotation marks. Then use

your browser's “Find” feature to locate more precisely the specific record among

those returned. Note: in some cases the “Find” feature is case- and/or

diacritic-sensitive. Note also that the same ID number may be used in more than one bibliography.

Thus bioid 1031 is the record for Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1. marqués de Santillana

in BETA, while in BITECA it is that of Pseudo-Claudianus

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

Personal names:

To search for a personal name as the Author of a text in WORK, use any form of the name, original, translated, or a variant. For example, search for

“Benedictus”, “Bento”, “Benet”, or “Benito.”

On all other search pages and in all other fields, such as (associated) persons, authors of secondary references,

previous owners, translators, patrons, copyists, publishers, that is, for any personal name searched in any field other than that of Author in WORK,

use the modern version of the name.

Tip: To identify the modern form of a name, search in PERSON for any form in Name, original, translated, pseudonym, etc.

Dates:

In fields that include dates, search by any combination of year (yyyy) and/or

month (mm) and/or day (dd). A search returns dates as yyyy-mm-dd (1379-01-31 is January 31,

1379). Search using this format or more simply, the year: “1379” returns all texts

written in 1379; “1379 01” or “01 1379” returns all texts written on

the first of each month of 1379 and on any day of January of 1379. Note: Year dates

frequently form part of titles in WORK and can be used to search for the same.

Place names:

Place names appear on several search pages: WORK - Place of

composition; PERSON - Associated place; LIBRARY - City; REFERENCE - Place

of publication; MSED - City. Since each bibliography handles place names differently,

see the relevant help pages for specific details:

<ul>

<li>BETA Topónimos</li>

<li>BITAGAP Place names</li>

<li>BITECA Topònims</li>

</ul>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

Subject headings:

Keep in mind when searching in Subject that its use is not

uniform in all search pages nor in the three bibliographies.

Search using a complete heading or any word contained in any heading (e.g. a place name).

For technical reasons, only one subject heading can be searched at a time. Searches for two different subject headings

or for words from two different subject headings will return zero results.

In BITAGAP, for example,

search for “milagres” or for “mariologia” but not for

“milagres” and “mariologia”. Experimentation will reveal

best strategies. Since each bibliography handles subject headings differently,

and has different, language-specific subject headings,

see the relevant help pages for details:

<ul>

<li>BETA Materia</li>

<li>BITAGAP Subject headings</li>

<li>BITECA Matèria</li>

</ul>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

Simple search:

Use this field to search for information not locatable in named fields. For example, in MsEd, codicological

information; or, in WORK, type “trad*” in Simple search to produce a list of works which

have been translated from their original language.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) / Digitized images and texts:

To access related web pages, simply click on the highlighted URL.

In PhiloBiblon URLs generally provide access to the following kinds of information:

<ol>

<li>in the MsEd table: a digitized facsimile of a primary source (manuscript or printed

edition (In some cases, depending on the institution and the browser used, digitized images will be downloaded to your

computer rather than displayed on your screen.) To find all of the digitized facsimiles

recorded in PhiloBiblon, search either for “http” in “Simple search” or the appropriate

heading in “Subject” (e.g. in BETA “Internet - Facsímiles digitalizados” and in BITAGAP “Fontes electro\nicas - Internet - Obra digitalizada”).

</li>

<li>in the REFERENCE table: a digitized facsimile (v.g., pdf) or electronic text of a

secondary source.</li>

<li>in the PERSON table: an online source that provides information concerning an

individual.</li>

</ol>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

Transcription Norms:

In Title (text titles) and Incipit/Explicit in WORK, all

three bibliographies use modern

spelling, including for the incipits of poetic texts. All three offer paleographical or semi-paleographical

readings of textual material found in individual manuscripts and printed editions (titles, incipits,

explicits).

Transcription practices for the latter materials

vary considerably among the three bibliographies. Consult the relevant help

pages for specific details:

<ul>

<li>BETA Normas de transcripción </a></li>

<li>BITAGAP Transcription norms </a></li>

<li>BITECA Normes de transcripció</li>

</ul>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

Descriptive bibliography, paleography, and codicology:

Bibliographical, paleographical, and codicological descriptions also vary considerably among the three

bibliographies, with BITECA providing the most detailed ones, BITAGAP

the least, and BETA somwhere in the middle. This responds to the particular interests

and expertise of each team. In BITECA and BETA, use

Simple search in MsEd to search for specific features. In BITAGAP this yields

uneven results.

PhiloBiblon invites users who have personally examined a manuscript or early printed book

to provide complete or partial bibliographical, paleographical, and/or codicological descriptions. These users will be credited.

The specific codicological features and terminology used also vary considerably among the three bibliographies.

Consult the relevant help pages for specific details.

<ul>

<li>BETA Elementos bibliográficos,

paleográficos y codicológicos</li>

<li>BITAGAP Paleography and codicology</li>

<li>BITECA Elements bibliogràfícs, paleogràfícs i codicològícs</li>

</ul>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

<h2> How to Use Search Pages and Fields</h2>

WORK: contains information about medieval texts. Search fields are Simple search, Author, Title, Incipit, Explicit,

Associated person(s), Date of composition, Place of composition, Subject.

Author: Search for the name either in its original form or in translation. To

see a list of all forms used in the database, search in <a href="#person">PERSON</a>.

Title: Search for prose works using the modern form of the title or, for a

translated work, the original or the translated title. For a broad search, the former (e.g.,

“vida”) will generally return more works than the latter (“vita”). All

searches return works according to any of their known titles. You may also use (any part

of) a date to search in this field. For individual poetic texts, see Incipit/Explicit below unless the poem has

a commonly-used title, e.g., in BITAGAP, Poema da Batalha do Salado. Songbook

titles (e.g., Cancioneiro da Ajuda, Cancionero de Estúñiga, Cançoner dels Masdovelles) can

also be searched in this field.

Incipit/Explicit: This important search field may aid in the identification of a text.

For every work, there is (a) a master record (with a unique texid) and (b) a series of records

for every known surviving copy of the work (each with a unique cnum). For the former,

incipits/explicits have been modernized; for the latter, incipits/explicits are reproduced

paleographically or semi-paleographically, depending on the bibliography (with or without suppression marks,

resolved or unresolved abbreviations, misspellings, etc.) as found in the

manuscript or printed edition or as transcribed in a secondary source. A search in this

field should return a list of works based on both the modernized incipits/explicits as well as the

original ones. When trying to identify a text, repeat the search using variants of the less common words. In some case,

particularly for texts with a large number of copies and no modern edition, incipits and explicits have been

recorded only in the copy records. This is particularly the case for BETA.

To locate a poetic text, in Incipit search for any word or words appearing in the first line.

Associated persons: Search using the modern form of the

name. A search may return names of translators, notaries, patrons, important personages

mentioned in a text, dedicatees, etc.

Date of composition: Search for yyyy and/or mm and/or dd. A search here might return the date of

composition, confirmation, revision, translation, promulgation, etc.

Place of composition: Search for the name in its modern form.

For bibliography-specific help, consult the help page of each bibliography:

<ul>

<li>BITAGAP Work</li>

<li>BITECA Obra</li>

</ul>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

LIBRARY: Information about the libraries that house manuscripts and printed editions: search fields

are Simple search, City, Library, Shelfmark, Subject.

City: Search by the name of the city in its native language (e.g., New

York, Firenze, etc.).

Library: Search by any of the library's formal or commonly used names (e.g. in BETA, search

for Real Biblioteca, Biblioteca de Palacio, or simply Palacio).

Shelfmark: Search by the current or any former shelfmark, including those of previous owners.

This returns a list of libraries holding manuscripts or printings with that shelfmark.

Shelfmarks are not case-sensitive.

From the search results page, click on the library you are interested in to see a list

of all of its manuscripts and printed editions

in shelfmark order.

For bibliographic-specific information see:

<ul>

<li>BETA Biblioteca</li>

<li>BITAGAP Library</li>

<li>BITECA Biblioteca</li>

</ul>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

INSTITUTION: Information about the institutions that owned manuscripts and printed editions or that were associated with individuals who produced and transmitted

works, manuscripts, and printed editions: search fields

are Simple search, Name, Place, Subject.

Name: Search by any of the institution's formal or commonly used names (e.g. in BETA, search

for Universidad Complutense, Universidad de Madrid, or Universidad Central).

Place: Search for the place where the institution is currently or was formerly located using the form in its native language(e.g. in BETA, search

for London, not Londres, Aachen, not Aquisgrán,).

PERSON: Information about individuals involved with the composition and diffusion

of medieval texts, such as authors, translators, patrons, owners, scholars, members of the

nobility or clergy, etc. Search fields include Simple search, Name, Title, Date, Associated place,

Religious or military order and profession, trade, or occupation, Subject.

Name: Search by original or translated forms of the name, by pseudonym, etc.

Title: This refers to a title conferred on an individual (by king, noble; Church;

for a particular period, hereditary, or for life). You may also search any place to which

the conferred title is attached (e.g., in BITAGAP, Bispo Ourense, Rei Castela Leão).

Date: Search for date of birth, death, conferral of a title, or other milestone

event.

Associated place: Search for place (in the modern form) of birth,

death, residence, or other milestone event.

Religious or military order and profession, trade, or occupation: For religious orders

search by the standard sigla, e.g., OSB, OFM, SJ,

Ocist. For professions see the list in the related help pages. Note that identification of professions is

sporadic in all three bibliographies.

NOTE: The Associated Persons section of each record must be treated with caution,

especially for those individuals with numerous relationships.

The database program is designed to establish a reciprocal link between two records automatically.

Thus when the record of "Juana la Loca" (BETA bioid 7208) was linked to that of Fernando V (bioid 1104) as his daughter,

his record was automatically updated to show him as her father.

Unfortunately, due to programming errors this automatic updating process sometimes established erroneous links with other records.

Over time these errors will be eliminated. We request the collaboration of our users to help us identify them.

See bibliography-specific help pages for details:

<ul>

<li>BETA Persona</li>

<li>BITAGAP Person</li>

<li>BITECA Persona

</nowiki>

</ul>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

REFERENCE: Secondary bibliography related to texts, manuscripts, printed editions, and persons.

The order of items returned is generally alphabetical by title, with links to the full reference.

Search fields include Simple search, Author, Title, Date, Journal / collected volume, Place of

publication, Publisher, Series, Associated person, Subject.

Author: Search by any form or portion of the name of the author (of a monograph

or article).

Title: Search by monograph or article title (whole or partial, most distinctive

words).

Date: Search by year of publication.

Journal / collected volume: Search by title of the journal (print or electronic)

or collected volume (acts or proceedings of congresses, homage volumes, etc.).

Place of publication: Search by name of the city of publication in its native

language.

Publisher: Search by publisher (e.g., “University of California Press”).

Series: Search by series (e.g., in BITAGAP, “Subsídios para a história da

arte”).

Associated person: Search for any individual associated with the work

other than the author (e.g., author of

prologue, coordinator, editor, or director of series or collection, etc.).

For bibliographic-specific details see:<ul>

<li>BETA Referencia</li>

<li>BITAGAP Reference</li>

<li>BITECA Referència</li>

</ul>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

MsEd (Manuscripts and printed editions): These are the primary sources, manuscripts and printed

editions, in which the medieval texts

are preserved. See the home pages of the three bibliographies (“Scope and content”) for a description

of the sources included in the database. Search fields are Simple search, City, Library, Shelfmark, Date,

Place of production, Scribe/printer, Publisher/patron, Previous owner, Associated person, Subject.

Manuscript / Printed edition: First, above the search fields, click on one of these

options. Manuscripts might include the “original” text or copies of it,

including copies made in later centuries. Printed editions are incunables and 16th- and

17th-century editions of medieval works. Search later printed editions in REFERENCE.

City: Search by name of the city (in its native language) where the library that

holds the manuscript or printed edition is located.

Library: Search by the current or former name of the library that holds the

manuscript or printed edition.

Shelfmark: Search for a current or former shelfmark in the holding library as well as for

the shelfmark of a previous owner. Searches are not case-sensitive, e.g., “Inc. 1484” or “inc.

1484.”

Date: You can search for complete or partial dates. A search for “1325“, for

example, returns manuscripts copied on

any day of that year as well as undated manuscripts which, based on internal or external

evidence, have been dated to include the year 1325 (e.g. 1325; 1325 a quo, 1325 ad quem; 1301? - 1325?; 1290? - 1325?;

etc.).

Place of production: Search by the name of a city or place in its modern

form.

Scribe / printer: Search for a scribe using any form of the name. For a printer,

use the name in its original form (e.g., in BITAGAP, “Hermann von Kempen” rather than

“Hermão de Campos”). To learn the original form of a printer's name, search

first in PERSON.

Publisher / patron: For a printed edition, search for the person who sponsored it

using the modern form of the name. For a manuscript, search for the modern form of the name of

the patron for whom it was copied.

Previous owner: Search for any person or institution that has owned the object by

a person's name or title, by the name of a monastery, museum, auction house,

etc.

Associated person: Search using any form of the name. A search returns the name

of a binder, illuminator, annotator, etc.

For bibliography-specific information see:

<ul>

<li>BETA Manuscritos e impresos</li>

<li>BITAGAP Manuscripts and printed editions</li>

<li>BITECA Manuscrits i impresos</li>

</ul>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

Technical help

PhiloBiblon in general: <a href="mailto:cfaulhab@library.berkeley.edu">Charles B.

Faulhaber</a>.

BETA / Bibliografía

Española de Textos Antiguos

Medieval texts in Spanish.

<a href="mailto:cfaulhab@library.berkeley.edu">Charles B. Faulhaber</a>

BIPA / Bibliografía

de la Poesía Áurea

Golden Age Poetry.

<a href="mailto:Ralph.Difranco@du.edu">Ralph DiFranco.</a>

BITAGAP / Bibliografia de

Textos Antigos Galegos e Portugueses

Medieval Texts in Galician, Galician-Portuguese, and Portuguese.

<a href="mailto:alfa@berkeley.edu">Arthur L-F. Askins</a>

BITECA / Bibliografia

de Textos Antics Catalans, Valencians i Balears

Medieval Texts in Catalan.

<a href="mailto:gavenoza@ub.edu">Gemma Avenoza</a>

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

On-line resources

Medieval studies associations and blogs

Research institutions, centers, and groups

Libraries and digital libraries: catalogs and lists

Archives and digital archives: catalogs and lists

On-line databases

Reference and bibliographies

Online journals

Please send information regarding the URLs for these resources (especially changes to them) and suggestions for sites to be added, to <a href="mailto:schafferm@usfca.edu">Martha E. Schaffer</a>.

<a href="#top">Return to Index</a>

</div>

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